2 Tawarikh 20:5-13
Konteks20:5 Jehoshaphat stood before the assembly of Judah and Jerusalem 1 at the Lord’s temple, in front of the new courtyard. 20:6 He prayed: “O Lord God of our ancestors, 2 you are the God who lives in heaven 3 and rules over all the kingdoms of the nations. You possess strength and power; no one can stand against you. 20:7 Our God, you drove out 4 the inhabitants of this land before your people Israel and gave it as a permanent possession 5 to the descendants of your friend 6 Abraham. 20:8 They settled down in it and built in it a temple 7 to honor you, 8 saying, 20:9 ‘If disaster comes on us in the form of military attack, 9 judgment, plague, or famine, we will stand in front of this temple before you, for you are present in this temple. 10 We will cry out to you for help in our distress, so that you will 11 hear and deliver us.’ 20:10 Now the Ammonites, Moabites, and men from Mount Seir are coming! 12 When Israel came from the land of Egypt, you did not allow them to invade these lands. 13 They bypassed them and did not destroy them. 20:11 Look how they are repaying us! They come to drive us out of our allotted land which you assigned to us! 20:12 Our God, will you not judge them? For we are powerless against this huge army that attacks us! We don’t know what we should do; we look to you for help.” 14
20:13 All the men of Judah 15 were standing before the Lord, along with their infants, wives, and children.
Imamat 26:16
Konteks26:16 I for my part 16 will do this to you: I will inflict horror on you, consumption and fever, which diminish eyesight and drain away the vitality of life. 17 You will sow your seed in vain because 18 your enemies will eat it. 19
Imamat 26:25-26
Konteks26:25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. 20 Although 21 you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you and you will be given into enemy hands. 22 26:26 When I break off your supply of bread, 23 ten women will bake your bread in one oven; they will ration your bread by weight, 24 and you will eat and not be satisfied.
Ulangan 28:21-61
Konteks28:21 The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases 25 until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess. 28:22 He 26 will afflict you with weakness, 27 fever, inflammation, infection, 28 sword, 29 blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish. 28:23 The 30 sky 31 above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron. 28:24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed.
28:25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror 32 to all the kingdoms of the earth. 28:26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 28:27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28:28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind. 33 28:29 You will feel your way along at noon like the blind person does in darkness and you will not succeed in anything you do; 34 you will be constantly oppressed and continually robbed, with no one to save you. 28:30 You will be engaged to a woman and another man will rape 35 her. You will build a house but not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but not even begin to use it. 28:31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies and there will be no one to save you. 28:32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you look on in vain all day, and you will be powerless to do anything about it. 36 28:33 As for the produce of your land and all your labor, a people you do not know will consume it, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed for the rest of your lives. 28:34 You will go insane from seeing all this. 28:35 The Lord will afflict you in your knees and on your legs with painful, incurable boils – from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. 28:36 The Lord will force you and your king 37 whom you will appoint over you to go away to a people whom you and your ancestors have not known, and you will serve other gods of wood and stone there. 28:37 You will become an occasion of horror, a proverb, and an object of ridicule to all the peoples to whom the Lord will drive you.
28:38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it. 28:39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink wine or gather in grapes, because worms will eat them. 28:40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory but you will not anoint yourself with olive oil, because the olives will drop off the trees while still unripe. 38 28:41 You will bear sons and daughters but not keep them, because they will be taken into captivity. 28:42 Whirring locusts 39 will take over every tree and all the produce of your soil. 28:43 The foreigners 40 who reside among you will become higher and higher over you and you will become lower and lower. 28:44 They will lend to you but you will not lend to them; they will become the head and you will become the tail!
28:45 All these curses will fall on you, pursuing and overtaking you until you are destroyed, because you would not obey the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and statutes that he has given 41 you. 28:46 These curses 42 will be a perpetual sign and wonder with reference to you and your descendants. 43
28:47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty 44 you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They 45 will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you. 28:49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth 46 as the eagle flies, 47 a nation whose language you will not understand, 28:50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 28:51 They 48 will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, 49 or lambs of your flocks 50 until they have destroyed you. 28:52 They will besiege all of your villages 51 until all of your high and fortified walls collapse – those in which you put your confidence throughout the land. They will besiege all your villages throughout the land the Lord your God has given you. 28:53 You will then eat your own offspring, 52 the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you, because of the severity of the siege 53 by which your enemies will constrict you. 28:54 The man among you who is by nature tender and sensitive will turn against his brother, his beloved wife, and his remaining children. 28:55 He will withhold from all of them his children’s flesh that he is eating (since there is nothing else left), because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict 54 you in your villages. 28:56 Likewise, the most 55 tender and delicate of your women, who would never think of putting even the sole of her foot on the ground because of her daintiness, 56 will turn against her beloved husband, her sons and daughters, 28:57 and will secretly eat her afterbirth 57 and her newborn children 58 (since she has nothing else), 59 because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict you in your villages.
28:58 “If you refuse to obey 60 all the words of this law, the things written in this scroll, and refuse to fear this glorious and awesome name, the Lord your God, 28:59 then the Lord will increase your punishments and those of your descendants – great and long-lasting afflictions and severe, enduring illnesses. 28:60 He will infect you with all the diseases of Egypt 61 that you dreaded, and they will persistently afflict you. 62 28:61 Moreover, the Lord will bring upon you every kind of sickness and plague not mentioned in this scroll of commandments, 63 until you have perished.
Rut 1:1
Konteks1:1 During the time of the judges 64 there was a famine in the land of Judah. 65 So a man from Bethlehem 66 in Judah went to live as a resident foreigner 67 in the region of Moab, along with his wife and two sons. 68
Rut 1:1
Konteks1:1 During the time of the judges 69 there was a famine in the land of Judah. 70 So a man from Bethlehem 71 in Judah went to live as a resident foreigner 72 in the region of Moab, along with his wife and two sons. 73
Kisah Para Rasul 8:37-40
Konteks8:37 [[EMPTY]] 74 8:38 So he ordered the chariot to stop, and both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, 75 and Philip baptized 76 him. 8:39 Now when they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away, and the eunuch did not see him any more, but 77 went on his way rejoicing. 78 8:40 Philip, however, found himself 79 at Azotus, 80 and as he passed through the area, 81 he proclaimed the good news 82 to all the towns 83 until he came to Caesarea. 84
Kisah Para Rasul 8:2
Konteks8:2 Some 85 devout men buried Stephen and made loud lamentation 86 over him. 87
Kisah Para Rasul 6:1
Konteks6:1 Now in those 88 days, when the disciples were growing in number, 89 a complaint arose on the part of the Greek-speaking Jews 90 against the native Hebraic Jews, 91 because their widows 92 were being overlooked 93 in the daily distribution of food. 94
Kisah Para Rasul 8:1
Konteks8:1 And Saul agreed completely with killing 95 him.
Now on that day a great 96 persecution began 97 against the church in Jerusalem, 98 and all 99 except the apostles were forced to scatter throughout the regions 100 of Judea and Samaria.
[20:5] 1 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[20:6] 2 tn Heb “fathers” (also in v. 33).
[20:6] 3 tn Heb “are you not God in heaven?” The rhetorical question expects the answer “yes,” resulting in the positive statement “you are the God who lives in heaven” employed in the translation.
[20:7] 4 tn Heb “did you not drive out?” This is another rhetorical question which expects a positive response; see the note on the word “heaven” in the previous verse.
[20:7] 5 tn Heb “permanently.”
[20:7] 6 tn Or perhaps “your covenantal partner.” See Isa 41:8.
[20:8] 8 tn Heb “for your name.” The word “name” sometimes refers to one’s reputation or honor (thus the translation here, “to honor you
[20:9] 10 tn Heb “for your name is in this house.” The “name” of the
[20:9] 11 tn Or “so that you may.”
[20:10] 12 tn Heb “now, look, the sons of Ammon, Moab and Mount Seir.”
[20:10] 13 tn Heb “whom you did not allow Israel to enter when they came from the land of Egypt.”
[20:12] 14 tn Heb “for [or “indeed”] upon you are our eyes.”
[20:13] 15 tn Heb “Judah.” The words “the men of” are supplied in the translation for clarity. The Hebrew text uses the name “Judah” by metonymy for the men of Judah.
[26:16] 16 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
[26:16] 17 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
[26:16] 18 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
[26:16] 19 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.
[26:25] 20 tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”
[26:25] 21 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.
[26:25] 22 tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).
[26:26] 23 tn Heb “When I break to you staff of bread” (KJV, ASV, and NASB all similar).
[26:26] 24 tn Heb “they will return your bread in weight.”
[28:21] 25 tn Heb “will cause pestilence to cling to you.”
[28:22] 26 tn Heb “The
[28:22] 27 tn Or perhaps “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”).
[28:22] 28 tn Heb “hot fever”; NIV “scorching heat.”
[28:22] 29 tn Or “drought” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).
[28:23] 30 tc The MT reads “Your.” The LXX reads “Heaven will be to you.”
[28:23] 31 tn Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[28:25] 32 tc The meaningless MT reading זַעֲוָה (za’avah) is clearly a transposition of the more commonly attested Hebrew noun זְוָעָה (zÿva’ah, “terror”).
[28:28] 33 tn Heb “heart” (so KJV, NASB).
[28:29] 34 tn Heb “you will not cause your ways to prosper.”
[28:30] 35 tc For MT reading שָׁגַל (shagal, “ravish; violate”), the Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate presume the less violent שָׁכַב (shakhav, “lie with”). The unexpected counterpart to betrothal here favors the originality of the MT.
[28:32] 36 tn Heb “and there will be no power in your hand”; NCV “there will be nothing you can do.”
[28:36] 37 tc The LXX reads the plural “kings.”
[28:40] 38 tn Heb “your olives will drop off” (נָשַׁל, nashal), referring to the olives dropping off before they ripen.
[28:42] 39 tn The Hebrew term denotes some sort of buzzing or whirring insect; some have understood this to be a type of locust (KJV, NIV, CEV), but other insects have also been suggested: “buzzing insects” (NAB); “the cricket” (NASB); “the cicada” (NRSV).
[28:43] 40 tn Heb “the foreigner.” This is a collective singular and has therefore been translated as plural; this includes the pronouns in the following verse, which are also singular in the Hebrew text.
[28:45] 41 tn Heb “commanded”; NAB, NIV, TEV “he gave you.”
[28:46] 42 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the curses mentioned previously) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[28:46] 43 tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).
[28:48] 44 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
[28:48] 45 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the
[28:49] 46 tn Heb “from the end of the earth.”
[28:49] 47 tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.
[28:51] 48 tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).
[28:51] 49 tn Heb “increase of herds.”
[28:51] 50 tn Heb “growth of flocks.”
[28:52] 51 tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.
[28:53] 52 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”
[28:53] 53 tn Heb “siege and stress.”
[28:55] 54 tn Heb “besiege,” redundant with the noun “siege.”
[28:56] 55 tc The LXX adds σφόδρα (sfodra, “very”) to bring the description into line with v. 54.
[28:56] 56 tn Heb “delicateness and tenderness.”
[28:57] 57 tn Heb includes “that which comes out from between her feet.”
[28:57] 58 tn Heb “her sons that she will bear.”
[28:57] 59 tn Heb includes “in her need for everything.”
[28:58] 60 tn Heb “If you are not careful to do.”
[28:60] 61 sn These are the plagues the
[28:60] 62 tn Heb “will cling to you” (so NIV); NLT “will claim you.”
[28:61] 63 tn The Hebrew term תּוֹרָה (torah) can refer either (1) to the whole Pentateuch or, more likely, (2) to the book of Deuteronomy or even (3) only to this curse section of the covenant text. “Scroll” better reflects the actual document, since “book” conveys the notion of a bound book with pages to the modern English reader. Cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV “the book of this law”; NIV, NLT “this Book of the Law”; TEV “this book of God’s laws and teachings.”
[1:1] 64 tn Heb “in the days of the judging of the judges.” The LXX simply reads “when the judges judged,” and Syriac has “in the days of the judges.” Cf. NASB “in the days when the judges governed (ruled NRSV).”
[1:1] sn Many interpreters, reading this statement in the light of the Book of Judges which describes a morally corrupt period, assume that the narrator is painting a dark backdrop against which Ruth’s exemplary character and actions will shine even more brightly. However, others read this statement in the light of the book’s concluding epilogue which traces the full significance of the story to the time of David, the chosen king of Judah (4:18-22).
[1:1] 65 tn Heb “in the land.” The phrase “of Judah” is supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.
[1:1] 66 sn The name Bethlehem (בֵּית לֶחֶם, bet lekhem) is from “house, place” (בֵּית) and “bread, food” (לֶחֶם), so the name literally means “House of Bread” or “Place of Food.” Perhaps there is irony here: One would not expect a severe famine in such a location. This would not necessarily indicate that Bethlehem was under divine discipline, but merely that the famine was very severe, explaining the reason for the family’s departure.
[1:1] map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[1:1] 67 tn Or “to live temporarily.” The verb גּוּר (gur, “sojourn”) may refer to (1) temporary dwelling in a location (Deut 18:6; Judg 17:7) or (2) permanent dwelling in a location (Judg 5:17; Ps 33:8). When used of a foreign land, it can refer to (1) temporary dwelling as a visiting foreigner (Gen 12:10; 20:1; 21:34; 2 Kgs 8:1-2; Jer 44:14) or (2) permanent dwelling as a resident foreigner (Gen 47:4; Exod 6:4; Num 15:14; Deut 26:5; 2 Sam 4:3; Jer 49:18,33; 50:40; Ezek 47:22-23). Although Naomi eventually returned to Judah, there is some ambiguity whether or not Elimelech intended the move to make them permanent resident foreigners. Cf. NASB “to sojourn” and NIV “to live for a while,” both of which imply the move was temporary, while “to live” (NCV, NRSV, NLT) is more neutral about the permanence of the relocation.
[1:1] sn Some interpreters view Elimelech’s departure from Judah to sojourn in Moab as lack of faith in the covenant God of Israel to provide for his family’s needs in the land of promise; therefore his death is consequently viewed as divine judgment. Others note that God never prohibited his people from seeking food in a foreign land during times of famine but actually sent his people to a foreign land during a famine in Canaan on at least one occasion as an act of deliverance (Gen 37-50). In this case, Elimelech’s sojourn to Moab was an understandable act by a man concerned for the survival of his family, perhaps even under divine approval, so their death in Moab was simply a tragedy, a bad thing that happened to a godly person.
[1:1] 68 tn Heb “he and his wife and his two sons.” The LXX omits “two.”
[1:1] 69 tn Heb “in the days of the judging of the judges.” The LXX simply reads “when the judges judged,” and Syriac has “in the days of the judges.” Cf. NASB “in the days when the judges governed (ruled NRSV).”
[1:1] sn Many interpreters, reading this statement in the light of the Book of Judges which describes a morally corrupt period, assume that the narrator is painting a dark backdrop against which Ruth’s exemplary character and actions will shine even more brightly. However, others read this statement in the light of the book’s concluding epilogue which traces the full significance of the story to the time of David, the chosen king of Judah (4:18-22).
[1:1] 70 tn Heb “in the land.” The phrase “of Judah” is supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.
[1:1] 71 sn The name Bethlehem (בֵּית לֶחֶם, bet lekhem) is from “house, place” (בֵּית) and “bread, food” (לֶחֶם), so the name literally means “House of Bread” or “Place of Food.” Perhaps there is irony here: One would not expect a severe famine in such a location. This would not necessarily indicate that Bethlehem was under divine discipline, but merely that the famine was very severe, explaining the reason for the family’s departure.
[1:1] map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[1:1] 72 tn Or “to live temporarily.” The verb גּוּר (gur, “sojourn”) may refer to (1) temporary dwelling in a location (Deut 18:6; Judg 17:7) or (2) permanent dwelling in a location (Judg 5:17; Ps 33:8). When used of a foreign land, it can refer to (1) temporary dwelling as a visiting foreigner (Gen 12:10; 20:1; 21:34; 2 Kgs 8:1-2; Jer 44:14) or (2) permanent dwelling as a resident foreigner (Gen 47:4; Exod 6:4; Num 15:14; Deut 26:5; 2 Sam 4:3; Jer 49:18,33; 50:40; Ezek 47:22-23). Although Naomi eventually returned to Judah, there is some ambiguity whether or not Elimelech intended the move to make them permanent resident foreigners. Cf. NASB “to sojourn” and NIV “to live for a while,” both of which imply the move was temporary, while “to live” (NCV, NRSV, NLT) is more neutral about the permanence of the relocation.
[1:1] sn Some interpreters view Elimelech’s departure from Judah to sojourn in Moab as lack of faith in the covenant God of Israel to provide for his family’s needs in the land of promise; therefore his death is consequently viewed as divine judgment. Others note that God never prohibited his people from seeking food in a foreign land during times of famine but actually sent his people to a foreign land during a famine in Canaan on at least one occasion as an act of deliverance (Gen 37-50). In this case, Elimelech’s sojourn to Moab was an understandable act by a man concerned for the survival of his family, perhaps even under divine approval, so their death in Moab was simply a tragedy, a bad thing that happened to a godly person.
[1:1] 73 tn Heb “he and his wife and his two sons.” The LXX omits “two.”
[8:37] 74 tc A few later
[8:38] 75 tn Grk “and they both went down into the water, both Philip and the eunuch.” Since this is somewhat redundant in English, it was simplified to “and both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water.”
[8:38] 76 sn Philip baptized. Again, someone beyond the Twelve has ministered an ordinance of faith.
[8:39] 77 tn BDAG 189 s.v. γάρ 2 indicates that under certain circumstances γάρ (gar) has the same meaning as δέ (de).
[8:39] 78 sn Note that the response to the gospel is rejoicing (joy, cf. Acts 11:23; 13:48).
[8:40] 80 sn Azotus was a city on the coast of southern Palestine, known as Ashdod in OT times.
[8:40] 81 tn The words “the area” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
[8:40] 82 tn Or “he preached the gospel.”
[8:40] 84 sn Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in Acts 10:1.
[8:40] map For location see Map2 C1; Map4 B3; Map5 F2; Map7 A1; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:2] 85 tn “Some” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
[8:2] 86 sn Made loud lamentation. For someone who was stoned to death, lamentation was normally not allowed (m. Sanhedrin 6:6). The remark points to an unjust death.
[8:2] 87 tn Or “mourned greatly for him.”
[6:1] 88 tn Grk “these.” The translation uses “those” for stylistic reasons.
[6:1] 89 tn Grk “were multiplying.”
[6:1] 90 tn Grk “the Hellenists,” but this descriptive term is largely unknown to the modern English reader. The translation “Greek-speaking Jews” attempts to convey something of who these were, but it was more than a matter of language spoken; it involved a degree of adoption of Greek culture as well.
[6:1] sn The Greek-speaking Jews were the Hellenists, Jews who to a greater or lesser extent had adopted Greek thought, customs, and lifestyle, as well as the Greek language. The city of Alexandria in Egypt was a focal point for them, but they were scattered throughout the Roman Empire.
[6:1] 91 tn Grk “against the Hebrews,” but as with “Hellenists” this needs further explanation for the modern reader.
[6:1] 92 sn The care of widows is a major biblical theme: Deut 10:18; 16:11, 14; 24:17, 19-21; 26:12-13; 27:19; Isa 1:17-23; Jer 7:6; Mal 3:5.
[6:1] 94 tn Grk “in the daily serving.”
[6:1] sn The daily distribution of food. The early church saw it as a responsibility to meet the basic needs of people in their group.
[8:1] 95 tn The term ἀναίρεσις (anairesi") can refer to murder (BDAG 64 s.v.; 2 Macc 5:13; Josephus, Ant. 5.2.12 [5.165]).
[8:1] 97 tn Grk “Now there happened on that day a great persecution.” It is less awkward to say in English “Now on that day a great persecution began.”
[8:1] 98 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:1] 99 sn All. Given that the Jerusalem church is still active after this and that the Hellenists are the focus of Acts 6-8, it is possible to argue that only the Hellenistic Christians were forced to scatter.
